How to Paint Composite Materials

Composite materials are mixtures of different fibers bound together by a hardening resin. Depending on the application, composite materials may or may not require painting. Painting is a good way to restore or change the color of the composite after the original finish has faded. The best methods of painting depend on the type of materials in the composite. Following are step-by-step instructions for painting some of the most common composites. You may also want to check with the manufacturers recommendations. Painting Fiber Cement Composites Use a pressure washer to clean. Wait two-four hours for the cement composite to dry.Apply a primer.Wait two hours or so for the primer to dry.Apply the paint same way you applied the primer. Wait about two hours for the paint to dry. Painting Wood Composites For exterior wood composites, use a pressure washer with a low-pressure tip to clean. Wait two hours for the composite to dry.For interior wood composites, dust with a broom.Using a roller, coat with an acrylic latex primer. Use a paintbrush for any areas you cant reach with a roller.Wait two hours or so for the primer to dry.Use satin or semi-gloss latex paint on interior wood composites. Use acrylic enamel on wood composites inside the house. Apply acrylic latex paint the same way you applied the primer. Wait four hours until dry. Painting Composite Decking Mix one part bleach with three parts water.Using rags, a roller, or a brush, apply the bleach solution liberally to all surfaces.After half an hour, scrub the surfaces.Rinse off the solution and residue.Using very fine sandpaper (220 grit) lightly sand all the surfaces.Wash off dust and dirt with a household detergent or commercial cleaner made for cleaning composite decks.Rinse thoroughly.If you are going to paint the deck, prime with an exterior latex stain-blocking primer made for plastic materials. Do not prime if you plan to stain the deck instead of painting it.For painting, use a high-quality latex floor and deck paint in a satin or semi-gloss finish. For staining, use a high-quality acrylic latex solid color deck stain recommended for composite decking. Painting Fiberglass Composites Fill holes or imperfections with fiberglass putty. Smooth out the putty with a putty knife. Let it cure completely.Sand with heavy sandpaper (100 grit) to remove excess putty or any paint. After the composite is fairly smooth, switch to 800 grit sandpaper and sand until the composite is very smooth. You can use an orbital sander or sand by hand.Use a dry rag and acetone to remove dust, grease, and debris.Apply a primer. Most primers work on fiberglass, but its a good idea to double check with the paint store on the best one to use. Wait two hours or so until the primer is dry.Spray or use a brush to apply the final coat of paint. Wait until the paint is dry.Apply another coat of paint or apply the clear coat. Always use a clear coat after the last coat of paint; it will seal the paint and help protect the paint from the elements. Final Words On Painting Composites As with any paint job, thorough preparation is the key to a good looking and long lasting paint job on composite materials. Follow recommended safety precautions on the products you use. For example, wear gloves when working with fiberglass. Wear liquid-resistant gloves using bleach. Wear eye protection when sanding, using bleach, and when working with fiberglass.

Essay on History of Social Security - 3260 Words

History of Social Security Is it time to privatize Social Security? Many believe the system will not be able to meet all its obligations by the year 2012. They say Social Security will begin paying out more in benefits than it collects in revenue. To continue meeting its obligations, the system will have to begin drawing on the surplus in the Social Security Trust Fund. However, for many years the federal government has used the trust to disguise the actual size of the federal budget deficit, borrowing money from the trust fund to pay current operating expenses and replacing the money with government bonds, essentially an IOU. Proponents for privatizing Social Security people should be allowed the freedom to invest their Social†¦show more content†¦The program was intended to provide pensions for most retired commercial and industrial workers aged 65 years or more. The Social Security Act of 1935 provided retirement benefits only to retired workers themselves. In 1939, before any benefits had been paid, the first of numerous extensions to the system provided benefits for survivors and dependents. Later extensions included several classes of workers not covered under the original law. For example, during the 1950?s state and local government employee, members of the armed forces, and many farm workers, domestic workers, and self-employed professions were taken into the system In 1956 the age at which women become eligible for some benefits was reduce from 65 to 62, and in 1961 men were given the option of retiring at a reduced level of benefits at the age of 62. In 1957, the national Disability Insurance program was established. The fund provided cash benefits to workers over age 50 who become totally and permanently disabled. In 1965, Medicare was introduced, providing medical benefits for those over 65, thus creating another social security fund to finance. In 1974 the Social Security Administration established the federal Supplemental Security Income program, which took over responsibility from state-administrated programs for providing and to the blind, the disabled, and the indigent aged. Through the years of the systems development, the level of benefits was gradually increased in anShow MoreRelatedSocial Security: A Brief History1125 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican adult citizen is aware of the Social Security Administration. Every payday, each working American has tax deduction for Social Security on their payroll stubs and these deductions are recorded on their W2 forms at the end of the year. If they have older parents or disabled family members, then they would be aware of Social Security Disability Income (SSDI) and/or Social Security Income (SSI). Many young people are not conscious of life before Social Security, how disabled or elderly citizensRead MoreThe History Of Medicare And The Social Security Act1686 Words   |  7 PagesMedicaid had a storied history before it crushed the walls that had separated the federal government and the U.S. healthcare system. Historically, the prevailing thought of many Americans up until the 1920’s and 1930’s w as that medical care was largely a private transaction between a medical practitioner and a patient. This doctor-patient relationship was sacred and there was no need for the federal government to intervene in this relationship (Berkowitz, E., 2005). The Social Security Act of 1935, signedRead MoreSocial Security : The United States1220 Words   |  5 Pagesover 80 years social security has provided Americans with money after they reach the minimum age requirement. This money has provided retirement money for millions of people across the country but is now in jeopardy. To get an understanding of the current and future situation of social security it’s important to understand what social security is, when it was created, why it was created, and also how it has performed since it was created. After getting an understanding of social security I will thenRead MoreSocial Security And The Great Depression1365 Words   |  6 Pages Social Security Alfred Malone Sociology Mrs. Joy Branch 14 November 2014 Social security was created in response to the Great Depression. The purpose of it is to protect aged and disabled persons from illness expenses, to give children a chance to grow up healthy and secure, keep families together, and to augment the material needs of individuals and families. The Social Security Act was first passed in 1935 and later amended in 1956 to provide disability benefits. Some programsRead MoreGovernment Intervention Of The 1920 S1661 Words   |  7 Pagesand detail its history.† Social security was created out of necessity by the United States of America (US) government. One primary cause attributing to this necessity was due â€Å"to better health care and sanitation, and the development of effective public health programs,† â€Å" resulted in â€Å"Americans† living â€Å"significantly longer,† (Social Security - Historical Background And Development Of Social Security, n.d.). With the economic depression occurring six years prior to Social Security act being implementedRead MoreEssay on Social Security1184 Words   |  5 Pages Social Security nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Social Security is a public program designed to provide income and services to individuals in the event of retirement, sickness, disability, death, or unemployment. In the United States, the word social security refers to the programs established in 1935 under the Social Security Act. Societies throughout history have devised ways to support people who cannot support themselves. In 1937 the government began issuing Social Security identification cardsRead MoreSupplemental Security Insurance ( SSI ) And Social Security Disability Insurance?1013 Words   |  5 Pagesthe rules for being eligible for supplemental social security income are the same as if you lived anywhere else in the nation. In the majority of cases, the rule is that you cannot receive Supplemental Security Insurance (SSI) and Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) at the same time. Only very rare cases get approval for concurrent benefits. To receive both the SSDI and SSI benefits at the same time, you must first be approved for Social security disability insurance and your monthly paymentsRead MoreReform in the United States813 Words   |  4 PagesThe Progressive and New Deal Eras are two of the most important and defining periods in American history. Through initiatives and reform passed during these times, America was changed politically, socially and economically. These changes affected all Americans in some way or another, but had significant impact on specific groups of American citizens. Whatever their impact, these eras jumpstarted and continued reform initiatives for our country that provided a model for tackling current issues inRead MoreDevelopment Of Open And Private Security1196 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper talks definitions for administration, security and risk and it would demonstrate the development of open and private security and how it advanced through the ages. It will demonstrate how inescapa ble the requirement for administration of security and risk has gotten to be to the general public. Industrialization as the move of the economy of a nearby or national territory from a reliance on agribusiness and the work of people and creatures to a reliance on assembling action and hardwareRead MoreSocial Security And Economic Security1582 Words   |  7 PagesIn 18 years, Social Security benefits could drop so that millions will not have the money to survive. On the other hand, it could not exist entirely. Social Security funds are sinking due to its history, its inability to obtain funds, and the retirement of the Baby Boomer generation. To make a truly accurate evaluation of Social Security one must look at the past, present, and future of the program which is depicted in the following paragraphs through the program’s history, its costs, and finally

Printed Circuit Board and Acme Free Essays

Introduction Acme Electronics and Omega Electronics were spin off companies from the original Technological Products of Erie, Pennsylvania that was bought out by a Cleveland manufacturer. The two companies were in the business of manufacturing printed circuit boards. Acme Electronics retained its original management while Omega Electronics hired a new president but upgraded several people within the plant. We will write a custom essay sample on Printed Circuit Board and Acme or any similar topic only for you Order Now Both companies being in the same line of business and geographically close to each other often competed for business. In 1976, both companies were asked by a major photocopy manufacturer to produce 100 prototype memory units that would be used in a new experimental copier. The company with the winning bid would be awarded the contract to assemble these memory units. They had two weeks to come up with the prototypes. This paper examines the different goals pursued by Acme and Omega, their impact and strategies used to achieve the goals. It also looks at effectiveness of both methods used as well as the best results from the company that got the winning bid. Analysis It is clear from the case that the two companies had different goals. Omega’s goals seemed to be excellent internal processes and employee satisfaction whereas Acme’s goals were profits that came from operations being run very efficiently. Top management in any organization usually sets the strategy and communicates it down to the line worker to ensure that the whole organization was working together to achieve common goals. This was no different at the two organizations above. Acme’s president credited his organization’s success and effectiveness to the high degree of efficiency they were able to achieve. This was because employees had clear cut responsibilities and narrowly defined jobs that led to high performance. Omega’s president on the other hand had great emphasis on employee relations. As soon as Acme got the blueprints, they divided the work among the different departments and each went off to work diligently but with no contact with other departments. This caused problems early on in the project as the different departments were acting like little organizational silos – not sharing information or challenges they were facing. The end result was that Acme delivered the prototypes late and had a 10% defect rate but was within budget. Omega got the blueprints and immediately created cross-functional teams that worked together on the project. Even though they encountered similar problems as Acme, they were able to quickly resolve them and deliver the prototypes on time and with zero defects. At first it seemed like Omega would automatically win the bid but it turned out that Acme delivered at a lower cost and the contract was split between both firms with clear instructions to reduce final costs and maintain zero defects. In the end, the final contract was awarded to Acme due to their extensive cost-cutting efforts that saw them realize a 20% reduction in unit cost. Their goals definitely helped them win the contract because as the president had stated; their structure was best suited for high volume manufacture of printed circuits and their subsequent assembly. This created great high performance resulting in great efficiency and profits. Although they had problems in the initial stages, their president’s constant interaction with the client helped them out. He obviously handled the external relationship better. Summary In conclusion, both companies were effective in their own way. This is because they are pursuing different goals. Acme managed to stay highly efficient and win the contract whereas Omega maintained the high level of employee satisfaction. This however could cost them a lot of business in the long run. They should strike a balance between employee satisfaction and delivering on the bottom line.? How to cite Printed Circuit Board and Acme, Papers

Geopolitics and Macroeconomics Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Is the United States likely to remain the economic hegemon over the next 25 years? Answer: International cooperation will be consisting of policy adjustments that are mutually profitable, which could not be unilaterally implemented by states (Brandt Gao, 2016). If states have decided to work together than they have to give an agreement on the course of action that is common and then make sure that each single state has the reason to be compliant with the agreement. Therefore, enforcement problems and distributional conflicts will be raising the complications to the cooperation (Brown et al., 2011). According to the theory of hegemonic stability, for achieving the cooperation, the hegemonic power can provide help to the states because of the presence of the dominant power the distributional conflicts is improved and the enforcement is facilitated (Miles, 2016). The broad outlines of the cooperation can be determined by the preferences given to dominant power and in particular, the dominant power is in a better position of enforcing the cooperation for different reasons. In international cooperation Firstly it is important to have the genuine interest which is enough to adopt the negative consequences of the failure of cooperation to a larger extent than the small states. Secondly, it will have the abilities to demand other states whether they should get engaged in the deliberate noncompliance. Though these observations are found to be accurate, it is argued by other scholars that nevertheless hegemonic power within a group of states is a complicated cooperation. The reason behind this is that often systematic effects are seen on states due to international cooperation. The external options are the dependence of powerful states on the global partners will be less increased due to cooperation than the dependence of weak states (Suder Suder, 2013). A good reason is embedded behind the worry of weak states that on continued cooperation the most powerful partners will exploit their dependence with respect to renegotiate for distribution of profits from cooperation. In the context of trade liberalization (Smales, 2013) has analyzed the problem. With the trade cooperation, if the large and small country is involved, then the companies of every country in maximizing the benefits from the market access have to undergo costly adjustments. When the North American free trade agreement is formed by the United States with the Canada and Mexico for example, the dependence of Mexico and Canada has increased to a greater extent on the United States than the dependence of US in Canada and Mexico (Woo, Garnaut Song, 2013). It was proposed by some of the scholars of hegemonic power that help can be obtained from the domestic institutions for hegemony for solving the commitment problem. For instance, by (Smales, 2013) the creation of international order has been analyzed on the major wars and it is noted that with its associates the United States was in a position to score the cooperation effectively. The United States as a democratic country is more consistent and is less prone to exploit its lower partners than a tyrannical hegemony might have been being the main reason (Suder Suder, 2013). In this argument, the international institutions have also played the crucial role. It has been proposed by many scholars that international agreements can help tying up the powerful hands of hegemonic and hence the profitability of exploitation can be reduced (Brown et al., 2011). By all these, it is concluded that United States rules supreme, however reluctantly the US has won over the international community on the whole. Until the time this loyalty towards the US is not broken down it will continue to remain as the absolute worlds super power. On the international stage, a power of persuasion, leadership, and influence is employed by the US which cannot be even compare or is close to any other state (Brandt Gao, 2016). In future, both China and the United States will get engaged in plenty of struggles with respect to power in the coming decades, but unlikely it can be noticed that China will be challenging the authority of the United States and will gather support from all the industrialized nations all over the world. Regardless of its failings the United States, its influence is held rightfully and firmly in terms of worldly values and will do open-endedly irrespective of its economy and the strength with respect to China. References Brandt, M.W. and Gao, L., 2016. Macro Fundamentals or Geopolitical Events? A Textual Analysis of News Events for Crude Oil. Brown, T.J., Parks, M.J., Hernandez, J., Jennings, B.J., Kaplan, P.G. and Conrad, S.H., 2011. Uncertainty Quantification and Validation of Combined Hydrological and Macroeconomic Analyses. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque. Miles, D., 2016. Beware of concentrated risk in diversified portfolios. Professional Planner, (90), p.26. Suder, G. and Suder, D.A., 2013. The effect of macroeconomic threats on brand value and ranking: Insights from 10 years of fluctuations. Journal of Brand Management, 20(4), pp.309-324. Smales, L.A., 2013. Impact of macroeconomic announcements on interest rate futures: high?frequency evidence from Australia. Journal of Financial Research, 36(3), pp.371-388. Woo, W.T., Garnaut, R. and Song, L., 2013. China's new place in a world in crisis: Economic, geopolitical and environmental dimensions (p. 461). ANU Press.

Geopolitics and Macroeconomics Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Is the United States likely to remain the economic hegemon over the next 25 years? Answer: International cooperation will be consisting of policy adjustments that are mutually profitable, which could not be unilaterally implemented by states (Brandt Gao, 2016). If states have decided to work together than they have to give an agreement on the course of action that is common and then make sure that each single state has the reason to be compliant with the agreement. Therefore, enforcement problems and distributional conflicts will be raising the complications to the cooperation (Brown et al., 2011). According to the theory of hegemonic stability, for achieving the cooperation, the hegemonic power can provide help to the states because of the presence of the dominant power the distributional conflicts is improved and the enforcement is facilitated (Miles, 2016). The broad outlines of the cooperation can be determined by the preferences given to dominant power and in particular, the dominant power is in a better position of enforcing the cooperation for different reasons. In international cooperation Firstly it is important to have the genuine interest which is enough to adopt the negative consequences of the failure of cooperation to a larger extent than the small states. Secondly, it will have the abilities to demand other states whether they should get engaged in the deliberate noncompliance. Though these observations are found to be accurate, it is argued by other scholars that nevertheless hegemonic power within a group of states is a complicated cooperation. The reason behind this is that often systematic effects are seen on states due to international cooperation. The external options are the dependence of powerful states on the global partners will be less increased due to cooperation than the dependence of weak states (Suder Suder, 2013). A good reason is embedded behind the worry of weak states that on continued cooperation the most powerful partners will exploit their dependence with respect to renegotiate for distribution of profits from cooperation. In the context of trade liberalization (Smales, 2013) has analyzed the problem. With the trade cooperation, if the large and small country is involved, then the companies of every country in maximizing the benefits from the market access have to undergo costly adjustments. When the North American free trade agreement is formed by the United States with the Canada and Mexico for example, the dependence of Mexico and Canada has increased to a greater extent on the United States than the dependence of US in Canada and Mexico (Woo, Garnaut Song, 2013). It was proposed by some of the scholars of hegemonic power that help can be obtained from the domestic institutions for hegemony for solving the commitment problem. For instance, by (Smales, 2013) the creation of international order has been analyzed on the major wars and it is noted that with its associates the United States was in a position to score the cooperation effectively. The United States as a democratic country is more consistent and is less prone to exploit its lower partners than a tyrannical hegemony might have been being the main reason (Suder Suder, 2013). In this argument, the international institutions have also played the crucial role. It has been proposed by many scholars that international agreements can help tying up the powerful hands of hegemonic and hence the profitability of exploitation can be reduced (Brown et al., 2011). By all these, it is concluded that United States rules supreme, however reluctantly the US has won over the international community on the whole. Until the time this loyalty towards the US is not broken down it will continue to remain as the absolute worlds super power. On the international stage, a power of persuasion, leadership, and influence is employed by the US which cannot be even compare or is close to any other state (Brandt Gao, 2016). In future, both China and the United States will get engaged in plenty of struggles with respect to power in the coming decades, but unlikely it can be noticed that China will be challenging the authority of the United States and will gather support from all the industrialized nations all over the world. Regardless of its failings the United States, its influence is held rightfully and firmly in terms of worldly values and will do open-endedly irrespective of its economy and the strength with respect to China. References Brandt, M.W. and Gao, L., 2016. Macro Fundamentals or Geopolitical Events? A Textual Analysis of News Events for Crude Oil. Brown, T.J., Parks, M.J., Hernandez, J., Jennings, B.J., Kaplan, P.G. and Conrad, S.H., 2011. Uncertainty Quantification and Validation of Combined Hydrological and Macroeconomic Analyses. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque. Miles, D., 2016. Beware of concentrated risk in diversified portfolios. Professional Planner, (90), p.26. Suder, G. and Suder, D.A., 2013. The effect of macroeconomic threats on brand value and ranking: Insights from 10 years of fluctuations. Journal of Brand Management, 20(4), pp.309-324. Smales, L.A., 2013. Impact of macroeconomic announcements on interest rate futures: high?frequency evidence from Australia. Journal of Financial Research, 36(3), pp.371-388. Woo, W.T., Garnaut, R. and Song, L., 2013. China's new place in a world in crisis: Economic, geopolitical and environmental dimensions (p. 461). ANU Press.

Genetic Engineering Essays (3208 words) - Medical Ethics

Genetic Engineering Genetic engineering has been one of the most controversial ethical issues since 1997; when Dolly the first successfully cloned sheep was announced. Dolly has redefined the meaning of ?identical twin?; not only does she look exactly like her mother she also has the same genetic make up. This experiment was not only impossible but unthinkable. Yet, Dr. Ian Wilmut revealed Dolly on February 23, 1997, at seven months old ( Travis 1). On the surface genetic engineering may appear to be the solution to all of society's ills and the worlds problems. In all actuality it may have tremendous and unknown side effects. The issues that surround genetic engineering undoubtedly make it immoral and ethically wrong. Long term prospects of mammal cloning remain in question. this is no where near clinically acceptable for experimentation on humans. The answer is clear-- there is no safe place to draw the line on when genetic engineering is acceptable and is not. Governments can not say that the uses are strictly limited to curing disease because then there becomes a question of what is a genetic disease. For example, we may feel comfortable defining a mutation in the cystic fibrosis gene as causing disease if it leads to chronic respiratory infections from birth to death at the age of twenty five. However a different mutations in the same gene might caused little or no problem is this also cystic fibrosis? Other unknown aspects of an individuals genetic make-up and environmental factors also influence the outcome. Soon to be parents were advised that their child had an extra chromosome that would not cause Down syndrome, but this mutation was possibly linked to other undesirable traits such as severe acne and aggressive behavior. Given those circumstances the parents of a would be infant, may selfishly chose to abort the child( Shenk 6). To many Americans today the abortion of that child was wrong yet, in a genetically altered society the egg would be thrown away, implying that it was not normal or was not what the parents wanted. To simply remove the gene that causes increased aggression and reprogram it to be very passive and optimistic, is a possibility for parents. But why stop there? The parents agree that their child will be tall, peaking somewhere between five feet eight and five feet eleven female and near six feet three inches because dad wants a NFL quarterback and mom want a super model. Both mom and dad have decided that the child should be smart, to take out the obesity gene, the gene that controls the risk of alcoholism, also the one that runs the risk of the child getting lung cancer, and lastly the gene that is prone to hereditary heart failure. It is at this point where you find the parents searching for their children in a catalogs, altering the child so much they now have a child who looks nothing like either of them. The issue of sex selection with in the United States would not have immediate effects, but in the long run we could become like China and India are now, aborting one sex in ord er to control the population of male/female ratios within the society (Hughes 11). By condoning genetic manipulation or cloning the world see one the most important values disappear. Genetic engineering will destroy individualism and become more of a fashion, much like we see New York fashion shows go through. From one summer to the next the fashions change as will the use of genetic engineering. Blonde hair and green eyes will only last as a trend for so long thus, creating a child on what the current trend is. Individualism would be destroyed. A bigger cultural concern about genetic technology is that people will begin to see genetics as more central and influential in life than they should. Eugenics and genetic determinism are being fueled by contemporary genetic technology and research, at the expense of attempts to ameliorate social ills. (Hughes 9). Many opponents of genetic engineering and the investigation that has gone into it are concerned that the growing knowledge of genetics will lead to discrimination and the problem that may be raised with confidentiality. It's a well known fact

buy custom The History 1945-1992 essay

buy custom The History 1945-1992 essay Bipolarity is one of the ways in which global power is distributed among the countries of the world. It entails a situation where power is distributed only to two countries/states, which have strong economic, military, and cultural influence over countries of the world (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). After the Second World War, the USA and the USSR emerged as the worlds strongest states in terms of military and economic superiority. The USA attracted influence over democratic countries of the West, while the USSR attracted influence over many of the communist/socialist countries. Immediately after the Second World War, a conflict emerged between the democratic nations, under the influence of the USA, and the communist nations, under the influence of the USSR. The bipolarity nature of distribution of the worlds power led to emergence of the Cold War. Countries from both sides used propagandas, economic sanction, and sporadic military clashes to attack each other (Richard, Walter, J anice, 2007). As the cold war continued, the political gap between the USA and the USSR became wider. In 1950, Korea became a proxy battleground for the two superpowers due to its division along the political ideologies. The north supported political ideology of the USSR while the south supported the political ideology of the USA. The Korean War began when the USSR was able to spread its communism influence in the Far East and was able to put China under its enchantment (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). Its plan was to take over the whole Korea, both the South and North parts. Due to the impact of the war, the South Korean military superiority had reduced from over 40,000 soldiers to around 472 ill-equipped soldiers. The North Korean socialist forces thought they would take over South Korea without much defect from the USA given that its military might in South Korea was weak. In June 1950, the North Korea forces invaded South Korea and managed to capture Seoul, the capital city of South Korea. Th is is what contributed to the war between the USA and the USSR in Korea as the USA tried to recapture the Southern Korea from the USSR During the Second World War, the USA and the USSR had some form of diplomatic ties. This is because they had a common enemy: the Nazi Germany. The USA army shared the same battle font with the USSR army as they fought with the Nazi Germany. In fact, since the USA and the USSR fought as allies during the Second World War, it was thought that the two nations would become great allies after the war. However, this never happened. The kind of diplomacy and warfare tactics, which existed before 1945 ended. This happened towards the end of the war, when Truman informed Joseph Stalin that the USA had developed terrifying weapons, which it planned to use against the Japanese. Stalin was terrified for he did not know when and how the USA developed the weaponry. In return, Stalin developed strategies to expand the military might of the USSR by increasing the size of its army. By the end of the Second World War, the USA was armed with sophisticated weapons while the USSR had a vast army. This co ntributed to distrust between the two sides, and all diplomatic and warfare ties, which existed during the war broke in 1945 (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). Before 1945, the USA never used to get concerned with the problems of other nations. It had adopted an isolationist policy concerning foreign matters. Prior to 1945, the USA viewed the problems of other nations, particularly problems involving war between and among nations of the world, as own businesses of those nations, and would avoid getting involved except when its security was directly threatened. However, after 1945, the USA realized that insecurity in other nations of the world destabilized its economic activities. For this reason, the USA changed its foreign policy from isolationist to internationalist. Since then, the USA adopted a foreign policy, whose doctrines entail creation of a more secure, peaceful, and democratic world for the benefit of the Americans and the international community. In many instances, the USA has provided military and economic support to different countries of the world, in efforts to ensure economic and political stability of the world. For instan ce, in 1989, the USA developed military ties with non-NATO member countries. After the September 11 attacks, the USA has formed more non-NATO allies with countries in the Middle East region. Currently, the USA has allied ties with Egypt, Israel, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Morocco, and Kuwait, among other nations. The USA has other allied ties with other nations, which include the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Korea, Japan, and Mexico. During the period between 1950 and 1960, the American political and economic activities operated under consensus. This consensus entailed a consultative approach to governance (Morris, n.d.). The governing political party would engage in institutionalized consultation with all the economic players in the USA. The governments priority during that time was to satisfy the economic interests of all major civil society groups. Through the socio-political consensus, the USA was able to achieve full employment and increased production in all economic sectors. However, towards the end of 1960s, the consensus ended. Studies indicate that the rise of adversarial leaders such as Heath and Gaitskell contributed to the end of the American socio-political consensus. In 1969, Heath, a radical, won the elections (Morris, n.d.). This led to restructuring of the social rights and economic framework, which had been established by Beveridge and Keynes during the era of socio-political consensus. The Uni versalists principles were replaced by redistributive principles. During the era of socio-political consensus, the incumbent governments would voluntarily accept the policies of their predecessors governments. However, this took a u-turn when Heath was elected to the government. Healths government failed to adopt the income and industrial policies, which had been established by the former government. When Wilson took power in 1974, his government also rejected the education and housing policies, which had been established by the former ruling parties. In 1976, provisions for full employment were abandoned on the national budget. The actual break-up of the socio-political consensus of the 1950 was experienced in 1979 when the Conservative Party abandoned the entire consensus, which included conciliation of trade unions, Keynesianism, and a mixed economy (Morris, n.d.). The origin of Vietnamese Nationalism can be traced to 1919, when Ho Chi, a Vietnamese socialist activist living in France during that time, presented a number of demands during the Versailles Peace Conference (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). Ho Chi demands included liberation of Vietnamese political prisoners, freedom of speech and representation of Vietnamese in the French parliament, among others. France refused to honor Ho Chi demands. This led to emergence of various communis and nationalist movements in Vietnam. Frenchs determination to counter the nationalist movements was not successful. Many of the nationalist movements were made of urban-based military groups, which rebelled against the French colonial rule. Even though these movements did not have great military might over French rule in Vietnam, they managed to create numerous enduring organizations. One of these organizations was the Vietnamese Nationalist Party, founded in 1927 (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). Apartheid in South Africa started in 1948, shortly after the Second World War. Here, a system of racial segregation was introduced whereby inhabitants of South Africa were divided into four categories: whites, Asians, colored, and natives. Residential areas were segregated where every category of inhabitants had it specific area of residence. Political representation of non-whites was abolished and all non-whites residing in South Africa were deprived their citizenry rights. The history of apartheid in South Africa can be traced to 1880 to the first Anglo-Boer War. During this time, the Boers (South Africa farmers) rebelled against the British rule. The Boers were able to restore their sovereignty. However, in 1899, the second Anglo-Boer War broke-up. The second Boer War was longer than the first war. Britain positioned large number of its troops, which captured women and children in concentration camps. This is when racial segregation of the blacks in South Africa started. However, it became apparent in 1948 when the National Party of South Africa segregated medical facilities, beaches, education, and other public facilities. The blacks would receive inferior services while the whites enjoyed superior public services (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). The Iranian revolution started in 1979. The actions of the then Western-backed Iranian leader, Shah, led to the commencement of the revolutions. Shah depicted strong support of the Western policies and close identification with Western powers, specifically the United States. Shah constantly received aid from the West in terms of military and financial aid. For instance, in 1953, Shah received military assistance from the USA through CIA, which helped him to retain his political position in Iran. Iranian-based religious and secular movements considered him a Wests puppet. Another reason for emergence of the Iranian revolutions was failure by Shah to support the Shia religious leaders. This made religious movements based on Islamic faith to rebel against him. In 1976, Shah had replaced the Islamic traditional calendar with the imperial calendar. This evoked aggression from the Islamic-based religious movements. Success of the Iranian revolution was based on self-determination and confi dence of the anti-Shah activist, Ayatollah Khomeini. Khomeini was able to gather support from the Iranians, and was able to convince them to support the Shia leaders. For instance, he was able to organize a 40-day street protest, which helped to strengthen anti-Shah feelings for many months (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). In 1991, after the end of the WWI, the Allied powers, the USA, Britain, Italy, and France, headed to France to prepare peace terms. They congregated at the Paris Peace Conference of 1919. During the conference, France suggested that German was to be punished for instigating the war. This is what led to formation of the Versailles treaty, which provided for redrawing of national boundaries. Britain and France capture the defeated Ottoman Empire, which was previously under Germans rule, as well as all other German colonies. France and Britains action caused changes in the physical boundaries of Middle East region, hence the redrawing of the map of the Middle East. Studies indicate that the redrawing of the Middle East map was not suitable. This is because the action generated violence, political instability and dictatorship in the Middle East region. Since the physical boundaries of the region were changed, many of the Middle East countries have been experiencing political instability (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). Stalins death marked a critical moment in the history of the USSR. Stalin died on March 5, 1953. After his death, his successors tried to change the worlds image of the USSR. For instance, Stalins immediate success, Malenkov, commenced a peace offensive, indicating his intentions to slow the arms race between the USSR and the USA. Malenkov released a press statement as soon as he took office, stating that the Soviet foreign policy was to maintain international cooperation with all nations of the world. He stated that the SovietRepublic was willing to support peaceful coexistence and business cooperation between the two political systems: the communism and capitalism. Successors of Malenkov echoed improved relations between the communist countries and the capitalist countries. It is therefore clear that the death of Stalin in 1953 paved way for improvement of the foreign relations between the SovietRepublic, and other countries of the world, including the USA (Brook, 2005). Perestroika was a communist-based political party, which was established in 1980s by Mikhail Gorbachev, a Soviet leader. The term perestroika means to restructure. The aim of perestroika political movement was to restructure the economic and political systems of the SovietRepublic in order to promote the effectiveness of socialism (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). One of the economic policy perestroika was the New Economic Policy, which allowed citizens of the SovietRepublic to own private businesses in the manufacturing, service, and foreign-trade sectors. In the politics, perestroikas policies included the democratization policy, which introduced election of multi-candidates to local positions. During the mid-1980s, Mikhail Gorbachev introduced the glasnost policy. The term glasnost means openness. Glasnost policies were the policies, which Gorbachev believed that they would help end corruption in the SovietRepublic. Such policies included freedom of speech, freedom of the media, a nd radical change. The main goal of glasnost policies was to enhance transparency in the government, and open communication between the government and the citizens, through increased public debates (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). After the WWII, the USA adjusted its foreign policy towards other countries of the world. As earlier mentioned, before 1945, the USA avoided getting concerned with issues of other countries, specifically those that involved war. However, after 1945, the USA adjusted its foreign policy, to include economic and military cooperation with its allied nations of the world. This approach to foreign relations is what made the American foreign policy to coincide with the European unity. Through the American foreign policy, the USA has been supportive of European integration. Furthermore, the aim of the European Union is to ensure unity among all its member nationns of the world. Since America adopted its foreign policy of cooperating with other nations of the world, it has been accessing funds from the European Union to support economic and political integration of nations outside Europe as well as encouraging them to join the European Union, hence contributing to greater European unity (Rich ard, Walter, Janice, 2007). Among all the member states of the European Union, the United States of America, Brazil, Russia, China, and India can be said to be the current superpowers in the European Union. A nation is deemed a superpower in the European Union if it has the ability to exert economic, political, and military influence over other member states. This ability is measured by economic growth, availability of large markets, military growth, and ability to influence international policies. The United States of America is the largest superpower in the European Union. This is because its GDP over the last five decades has been growing at an increasing rate. It has also managed to maintain global military superiority as well as influence policy formulation in international affairs. However, due the current economic crisis, the USA is likely to lose its leading position as the economic superpower in the European Union to countries such as China and Brazil (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). The Chinese Nationalist Movement was based on diverse ideologies, which included Marxism, American progressivism, the Chinese traditional thinking, and the Russian thought. The movement also included ideologies of the ultra-imperialism. Often, the Chinese Nationalist movement portrayed conflicting manifestations. Some of these manifestations include the Communist Party of China, Fascist blue shirts, and three principles of the people, among others. Nevertheless, the Chinese Nationalist Party mainly supports centralization of the Chinese government. The aim of the movement is to ensure formation of a government structure, which will ensure formation of strong relationship between China and foreign powers, and among all the Chinese people (majority, minority, and overseas Chinese) (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). Illyich Lenin, the Soviet leader, and Mao Zedong, the Chinese leader, were leaders of revolutions in their respective nations. Both leaders played significant roles in revolutionizing the lives of residents in their nations through the ideologies of Karl Marx (Marxism). However, their approach to revolution was different. Studies indicate that Maos approach towards revolution was rural-based. Mao believed that revolution would not take place without the poor peasants. In addition, he believed that denying the peasants a role in the revolution process was like denying revolution. He allowed the peasants to take the leading positions during the revolution. However, he allowed the urban intellectuals to participate in the revolution through allocating them a few leadership positions (Ram, 1998). On the other hand, Lenin took a capitalist approach to revolution. According to Lenin, capitalism was a precondition for socialism (Ram, 1998). He therefore gave attention to the urban bourgeois ie during the early phases of revolution. Lenin termed peasants as mere allies to the revolution. However, after the urban bourgeoisie failed to bring revolution as desired by Lenin, he turned to the peasants, hoping that they would help him achieve his political goals. Nevertheless, Lenin still held his belief that urban workers were the central force to revolution in Russia (Ram, 1998). Deng Xiaoping was one of the Chinese leaders, who played a great role in economic and cultural revolution in China. His leadership between 1976 and 1992 was very important to China. This is because, when he emerged, immediately after the death of Mao Zedong, the economy of China was suffering a downturn. Deng introduced economic reforms aimed at developing the agriculture, defense, industry, and technology sectors (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). He replaced the commune system established by Mao with the Household Responsibility System. Under this system, every household was to give an account to the government of what it chose to produce. In additionally, all households were allowed to keep surplus produce for private use. Moreover, Deng introduced political reforms, where all political systems observed the rule of law as opposed to rule based on personal ideologies. After his retirement, he encouraged old leaders to allow the young and energetic leaders to take leadership position s (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). Many regional organizations, which are present in the world today, were established over fifty years ago, after the end of WWII. Such organizations include NATO, OPEC, EU, and WTO. These organizations were formed to ensure economic and political recovery of the nations of the world after destruction of many of the worlds economic and political systems by the world wars. However, in the current world, the role of these organizations is becoming insignificant, specifically due to the effect of globalization. Therefore, these organizations should be replaced with new organization, which has the capacity to foresee economic and political development of the countries of the world under the currently globalized environment. Over the years, the UN has been playing a critical role of organizing relief efforts across different nations of the world during emergencies. The UN has also been in the forefront in safeguarding the human rights. Through the UN charter, every human being in the world today enjoys various rights and freedoms. For these reasons, the UN stands to overcome possible abolition as compared to other organizations, which were established after WWII. However, the UN should increase its role in ensuring social, political, and economic equality and justice in the world. Currently, many individuals are suffering political, social, and economic injustices as well as inequalities, without receiving much assistance from the UN. Therefore, it should increase its participation in ensuring global justice and equality (Richard, Walter, Janice, 2007). According to various researchers and political scientists, it is likely that the world will experience another world war. Treder (2007) observes that even though the world has been experiencing long decades of peace and reduced violence, certain factors are likely to instigate a third world war. Such factors include global climatic conditions and new technologies. Treder (2007) states that more deadly, cheaper, and easily accessible and portable weapons will characterize the future of warfare. Due to rapid advancement in technologies, regional powers will emerge, causing destabilization of the current worlds superpower. Collapse of ecosystems, increased global droughts, crop failure, and increased killer storms, all because of disruption of global climate, will cause tensions among the countries of the world, resulting to regional and international uprisings (Treder, 2007). Buy custom The History 1945-1992 essay

Is the American Education System in Trouble Essay

Is the American Education System in Trouble - Essay Example Literacy's worth has changed and America has apparently become a "dropout nation". In answer to this dilemma, fingers are pointing to several aspects of America's education system; there are incompetent educators, obsolete curriculum, overcrowded schools and lack of funding for the system. It is an unending blame game where there is no winner and all are losers. Frank Salvato (2006) vividly mentions in an online article that: "It is ironic that liberal institutions of learning complete with accelerated courses in the humanities, sociology and ethics, are increasingly producing graduates who have no ethics, no understanding of morality and no mastery of the skills that can reasonably be described as the basics of education". Here, Salvato is clearly pointing to how dismal students are being taught even in the so called well established academes. Many have been calling out for an overhaul in the system to refocus its aim to teach or educate students on what is important and relevant. Old curriculum's and traditional teaching methods tend to be boring for students nowadays. Boredom leads to disinterest, which is one of the common reasons high school students drop out of their schools. The most obvious reason for dropping out of high school is poverty and poor academic performance. But even in suburban areas in America where money is not a big issue, parents and school authorities are finding it hard to keep kids at school. Often than not, students are not motivated to go back to school. Some dropouts choose to go direct to work and earn money instead of "wasting" time learning things they can learn themselves. Dropping out of high school has become so common especially since the law gives anyone who is 16 years old (or 18 years old in some states) the right to discontinue his/her education given that they have valid reason to do so. In fact, according to a recent PR News Today (2006) online article, 3,000 American students drop out of school for every school day and that most of them are poor readers. Moreover, only half of the high school graduates continue on to finish their college degrees. What most people tend to overlook is that dropping out of high school means minimum wage jobs and slim chances of going up the ladder. It's an almost certain way of being in a degenerative cycle, where dropouts rear children who choose to drop out of school eventually too. It is certainly a challenge for the school administrators, parents, and the society at large to make students realize that staying in school is the most important step they could take to improve their financial capacity in the future. In an online article by the Oprah Winfrey Show (2006) website, it was stressed that American students used to be among the best in the world about 20 years ago. Presently however, American students are lagging in academic rankings and even ranking behind poorer and smaller countries like Poland, Hungary, Slovakia and India. There are also an increasing number of high school graduates who later find college level education hard to cope with. Their high school curriculum evidently did not train them to be apt to that level. Even more disappointing is that some who graduated top of their classes perform miserably in their college years. What happens if the American education system continues to fail The country and its

Common assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Common assessment - Essay Example In the United States, it is the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) that sets the GAAP standards for private firms while it is the IASB sets principles for international accountants (Horngren et al, 2008). Compliance with GAAP is mandatory by every business operating in the USA. Corporations that are public companies are closely monitored by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to ensure their compliance to GAAP. II. GAAP and description of the accounting principles In the GAAP there exists accounting principles which also serves as measurements of conventions that are significant which are cost recording, revenue recognition and the matching principle. The recognition principle states that a company records revenues in its accounts only when it has earned and realized the revenue (Horngren et al, 2008 p.703). Revenues therefore cannot be recognized if it has not been earned. A second important convention is the matching principle which states that revenues must be li nked to the expenses associated with them. Accountants apply the matching principle by identifying the revenue recognized during a period and by linking the expenses to the recognized revenue directly ( Horngren, 2008 p.703). The Cost Principle This GAAP accounting principle states that the recording of cost must be at their fair market price. Fair market price is determined by the amount reflected on documents accompanying the goods and/or services to ensure objectivity and accuracy of accounting when purchases are made. The effect of this costing principle on assets is that its value will not change until the market value of the asset changes. To effect this change in the books according to GAAP principle, a new require a new transaction as an evidence to effect the change of the value of the asset. In cases where objective evidence is not available to ascertain cost, the transaction can instead be recorded at its fair market value as determined by a third party appraiser (McKeown , 1973). The Revenue Recognition Convention The recognition principle states that a company records revenues in its accounts only when it has earned and realized the revenue (Horngren, 2008 p.703). Revenue cannot be recognized if it has not been earned. This principle states that revenue must only be completed and recorded into a company’s books when the transaction is already completed. This means that revenue will only be recorded once actual payment is received. On occasions when transactions involve huge projects which take a very long time to finish such as construction of buildings, revenue is done an accrual basis whereby it will bill its client on periodic basis on the amount of work that has been done or completed and recognize the revenue even if there is still work in progress (Klueh, 2009). Recognizing revenue correctly is important to the accuracy of the financial statements because earning is a critical aspect of a financial statement which can affect the compan y’s many stakeholders. The Matching Principle A second important convention is the matching principle which states that revenues must be linked to the expenses associated with them. Accountants apply the matching principle by identifying the revenue recognized during a period and by linking the expenses to the recognized revenue directly (Horngren, 2008 p.703). This can be likened to the revenue recognition principle whereby expenses related to the revenue that were earned during a certain accounting period must be reflected in the books of the

Nucor Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nucor Corporation - Essay Example To begin with, there is competition for the inputs that are required in the production of steel. The industry core input is from recycling of scrap metal. The many firms in the industry thus compete for these metals used in production. There is also competition for market share between the players. Market share determines the level and volume of sales that a firm makes and therefore influence e the profits to a firm (Porter, 1998). The foreign suppliers further tighten competition for market share in the steel industry. Firms in this industry as well are faced by the threat of entry by new firms as this may influence negatively on the performance of the already existing firms. Michael Porter five forces model can be applied to explain the competitive forces in this market. According to porter, the five factors that influence the performance of firms are the threat of entry of new firms, threat of substitute products, bargaining power of suppliers, bargaining power of customers, and t he rivalry among firms (Porter, 1998). These five forces will affect operations and determine the policies to be adopted by firms to ensure that the competitive edge against competitors is attained. In this market for instance, there is high bargaining power of customers. ... The fight for market share is a zero sum game where if one firm increases its market share then the others will lose their share. In the US industry, there is threat of entry of very new firms or formation of partnership, alliances, or mergers that will make the competition stiffer. Nucor Corporation has therefore increased its acquisition of new firms and reduced the bureaucracy to ensure flexibility and better performance. The industry is thus highly competitive. The bargaining power of suppliers also exists in the industry because of the many firms in the industry. In this industry, firms have to look for scrap metals that are molted and used in producing steel products. The companies must therefore offer good prices for input for them to have continued supply of raw materials and reliable suppliers. The third force is the threat of substitute products. Substitute products have similar uses and satisfy the same need, therefore becoming important for competition. Industries that ar e characterized by the existence of closer substitutes are highly competitive and must ensure quality production and good pricing. Continuous restructuring and strategies are also important for the success of the firms. Presence of substitute products in the steel industry, together with the imports from china, turkey and other foreign countries have made competition stiff in this industry (Thompson, 2010). The four forces together with the rivalry among firms are the component of the five forces model. The rivalry among firms is determined by the ease of exit, branding, product identity, product difference and switching cost. The low cost of switching and the ease of exit makes the steel industry in US

Effect of Enzyme Concentrations on Oxygen Production

Effect of Enzyme Concentrations on Oxygen Production The function of an enzyme is explained by the  lock and key theory: the active site of an enzyme (the lock) has a specific shape in which only the precise amount of substrate (the key) will fit forming an enzyme-substrate complex (the product). Catalase can speed up the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide as the shape of its active site matches the shape of the hydrogen peroxide molecule. This type of reaction is an anabolic reaction (when a molecule is broken down into smaller molecules). Enzymes are able to increase the rate of reaction without actually being consumed in the process. Small quantities at low temperatures are able to produce results, which would normally require high temperatures and a violent reaction from any normal chemical means. Although increases in temperature may speed up the reaction, the heat will also denature the enzymes and make them unstable. All enzymes are catalysts (a substance that causes or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected), and they work best at pH7. As long as the concentration of the enzyme substrate (hydrogen peroxide) is much higher than the enzyme (catalase) concentration, the rate of reaction is directly proportional to the concentration of the catalase. This is because, as the enzyme concentration rises, the number of active sites that are available to interact with the substrate also rises; this increases the rate of product formation. My original experiment was an investigation into how the temperature of yeast would affect their rate of respiration. However when it came to the actual experimentation we found that the volume of dye and the volume of yeast we were using was too great (resulting in the dye actually rising out of the U tube): this meant that I would have to scale these down. However, we soon found that by decreasing these volumes the results produced were very small so I decided to completely change my experiment; instead of testing temperature, I decided to change the concentrations of the yeast I was using, and see how that would have an effect on the yeasts rate of respiration and therefore the volume of oxygen evolved. Key Variables Concentration of yeast: The rate of respiration in yeast (and therefore the volume of oxygen evolved) may change depending on its concentration Volume of hydrogen peroxide: I am mixing this with the yeast so the catalase will cause it to decompose into water and oxygen Type of yeast: The rate of respiration may vary in different types of yeast Temperature of the room: the temperature can affect the rate of respiration for the yeast depending how hot or cold it is Type of equipment: the length of the glass delivery tube can affect the volume of oxygen evolved Volume of yeast solution: The volume of oxygen evolved in yeast may differ depending on the volume of yeast solution Independent Variable Concentration of yeast: I am investigating how the volume of oxygen evolved from yeast (specifically the enzyme in the yeast catalase) changes when the concentration of yeast suspension varies so it is important to change this variable Controlled Variables Volume of hydrogen peroxide: since I am already changing the concentrations of the yeast I use, I must keep the volume of hydrogen peroxide the same throughout in order to make it a fair test Type of yeast: I must use the same type of yeast throughout: otherwise this could affect the amount of oxygen evolved in the yeast Temperature of the room: I am going to maintain the same temperature in the room I am conducting my experiment in to try and get the most accurate result I can Type of equipment: the size and diameter of the glass delivery tube affects how the long the test lasts ultimately having an effect on the volume of oxygen evolved Volume of yeast solution: I have to keep this the same if I want to get accurate results Dependent Variable Volume of oxygen evolved: The volume of oxygen evolved will change depending on how much concentrated yeast is being mixed with the hydrogen peroxide My prediction: I think that as I increase the concentration of yeast, the amount of oxygen evolved will increase proportionally: this is because as the enzyme concentration rises, the number of active sites that will be available to interact with the substrate (hydrogen peroxide) also rises increasing the rate of oxygen evolved. My experiment Apparatus used: Gloss delivery tubes Screw clip Clamp Rubber tubing Litre beaker Inverted barrel Boiling tube Plastic syringes Rubber bung Glass stirring rod Stopwatch Experimental Procedure First, I used clamps to support the boiling tube and attached the rubber tubing to the barrel of the 20cm3  syringe Then I removed the plastic syringe, leaving the needle in the same position, and removed the bung from the boiling tube After stirring the yeast suspension (which I made by adding 10g dried yeast to 100cm3 water I prepared it one hour before I actually needed to use it), I used a plastic syringe to introduce 5cm3 of yeast to the boiling tube I then filled the 1cm3  syringe with and placed it into position I opened the screw clip to draw water into the barrel of the 20cm3 syringe and closed it once the barrel was full, then I injected the hydrogen peroxide into the boiling tube I measured and recorded the volume of oxygen collected in the barrel of the 20cm3  syringe over a period of five minutes (I also used a stopwatch to measure how much oxygen was evolved per minute) This was repeated using 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30cm3  yeast suspension in the boiling tube (with fresh samples of yeast and hydrogen peroxide) This method was repeated for the above three times and a mean average was calculated; my results were recorded in a table (see my results) Using the tabulated data I plotted graphs of my results before analysing them In the above table we can see that when 5cm3 of yeast is being mixed with the enzyme substrate and an average of 4.77cm3 of oxygen is being evolved, then in theory when 10cm3 is being mixed with the enzyme substrate the volume of oxygen evolved should be double the average volume produced for 5cm3 of yeast (4.77cm3 x 2 = 9.54cm3). However, this is not the case, as actually an average of 5.33cm3 of oxygen is being evolved for 10cm3 of yeast being mixed with the hydrogen peroxide: this is because part of the oxygen evolved is actually being used by the substrate for respiration this results in the curve of the line in graph 3 + 4. Data analysis of all graphs In graph 1 a pattern can be seen in the results: the higher the yeast concentration, the greater the volume of oxygen is evolved. We can also see that towards the end of run 1 the volume of oxygen produced does not change and it becomes a straight line: this might be attributed to the fact that the yeast has become saturated with the substrate. In my scatter graph I have decided to use polynomial lines of best fit this is because rather than a linear line of best fit (which is completely straight and does not actually show the curve/steepness of the varying results) a polynomial line actually shows the curve, and allows the viewer of the graph to see how the production of oxygen actually fluctuates and changes. In graph 2 we can see that most of the oxygen evolved from the reaction passes into the collecting vessel within one minute of mixing the two reactants together. Afterwards the rate slows and only a small volume of oxygen is produced afterwards (particularly in between the third and fifth minutes). The pattern of oxygen evolution indicates that the reaction is extremely rapid. In graph 3 it can be seen that as I increase the concentration of yeast the volume of oxygen evolved increases proportionally: this is because as the enzyme concentration increases, the number of active sites that are available to interact with the hydrogen peroxide molecules also rises thus raising the production of oxygen. In graph 4 we can see that the error bars are very small, which means that the results produced must be very accurate (as there is not much range between the different volumes of oxygen produced per yeast suspension). Conclusion Overall, my results show that there definitely is a quantitative relationship between the concentration of yeast/catalase, and the volume of oxygen evolved: the higher the yeast concentration, the higher the volume of oxygen was evolved: this was because as the enzyme concentration rose, the number of active sites that were be available to interact with the substrate (hydrogen peroxide) also rises increasing the rate of oxygen evolved; hence, my original prediction was correct. Evaluation All in all I would say that my experiment was a success as I had no anomalous results (so I would not need to repeat any), and my results agreed with my prediction; my results were also substantial enough to let me draw a conclusion from them. I would say that my experiment was kept fair, however I believe that more could have been done to make sure my results were of optimum accuracy: for one I could have regulated the temperature of the laboratory I conducted my results in (maybe by having a thermometer with me and making sure that the temperature more or less stayed the same). Also, when measuring the volume of oxygen evolved per minute, the results maybe could have been more accurate (as sometimes there was a delay in pausing the stopwatch, causing more seconds to be added onto the actual time taken). However, as seen in graph 4, the error bars are very small, meaning that the accuracy of my results were very precise: this is most probably due to the fact that I repeated the expe riment for each of my yeast concentrations three times so I could have lots of results to back up my prediction/conclusion. If I had to make any modifications to my experiment, one would be that I covered a larger range (in terms of yeast concentration) so that I could have even more results to back up my conclusion; however I dont think this would be a necessary change as I believe the results I have already firmly support my conclusion. Sometimes when I was measuring the volume of oxygen evolved per minute (for a period of five minutes) I sometimes experienced difficulty in stopping the stopwatch as soon as one minute had passed: maybe if I had had two people timing separately for me, I could have ensured that the final recorded time was accurate. Apart from that though, the rest of my equipment succeeded in making my experiment a fair test the syringes had a set amount of substrate in them, thus resulting in me correctly injecting the precise volume of hydrogen peroxide each time. I would not make any improvements to my method other than washing each syringe after use, to prevent any chance of contamination.

Essays --

"I think there’s something about American violence that to me is very touching†¦In full force it’s very ugly, but there’s also something very moving about it, because it has to do with humiliation. There’s some hidden, deeply rooted thing in the Anglo-male American that has to do with inferiority, that has to do with not being a man, and always, continually having to act out some idea of manhood that is invariably violent. This sense of failure runs very deep." (Hall, 94) The shaving of Dodge’s head is not the only violent action of the play. Halie kicks the husks when seeing it, and later, Shelly throws the cup and saucer when being ignored. Nevertheless, the male characters of the play seem more violent than the female characters. It seems like the "real" violence starts when Halie leaves their home, and ends when she has come back. (Tucker, 135) Bradley symbolically rapes Shelly and when the secret of the murder of the incestious child is revealed, it is clear that the violence lies within the male. The quote above gives an idea of how Sam Shepard views the male violence. He believes that male violence is caused by the male himself, not by any female. Furthermore, he is of the opinion that it derives from a lack and also the desire for power. Men use violence not just to suppress the lack they feel inside of them, but also to make the female obey. (Hall, 94) 3.3 Family Roles Generally speaking, the head of the family of most families is the father, since he is the one who takes care of them. However, in BC a head of the family cannot be easily detected. At first, when Halie stands on the top of the stairs, she is in a higher position. She is in control of her husband and tells him what to do, not only because he is the weaker... ... incestious son, is the one with the "family album. [†¦] She’ll set you straight on the heritage†¦" (112), she cannot add new members to the family without the law of the father. Dodge shows that the law of the father of the family is obedient, and displays his control by forcing Halie to deliver her child on her own without any help. It hurt so bad, it almost killed her. Since the baby survived, he goes even further and kills it. (124; Hall, 100) In spite of his weakness, Dodge tries to control his family from the sofa. He can do so, because he is the only one who knows where the child is buried, which is the ultimate power one can have in the family. (Opipari, 135) In BC one family member can be in control of another, yet at the same time one is being controlled by another family member. In this family, there is no clear head of the family, no leader. (Opipari, 134)

Independent/Alternative vs. Mainstream Media

Many issues immediately rose up after the incident of the September 11 bombing, many of which include criticisms and comments on what really happened and who actually did it. Michael Moore was one of these people. Michael Francis Moore is a Michigan-born director cum author cum political activist that has been known widely because of his fearless views on globalizations, large corporate companies, Iraq Wars and the US intervention, and most especially, a major critic if the US President George W. Bush.He was the author of several best-selling books including political writings about the country’s leaders. This includes â€Å"Downsize This (1996), â€Å"Stupid White Men† (2001), and â€Å"Dude, Where’s My Country?† (2003). Moore started a lot of directing stints, starting from documentaries about his hometown, to fictional satirical movies, and back to award-winning documentaries where he became known by the masses, developing a lot of following, a lot of friends, and a lot of enemies as well.He became involved with primetime television when he was given the chance to host and the same time direct the television series â€Å"TV Nation,† a news magazine show that tackles delicate topics which other television shows avoid. It aired for 9 and 8 episodes on NBC and FOX respectively. He had another major series, â€Å"The Awful Truth,† which tackled the wrong doings of major corporations and politicians. This television stint lasted the whole 1999 and 2000. He was given another series, â€Å"Michael Moore Live† aired in UK. He was awarded for being â€Å"The Awful Truth,† as a good producer and host.Mike’s Videos, Films, and DocumentariesMichael Moore Became involved in creating various takes on political and corporate wrong-doings through audio-visual media like music videos, fictional films and comprehensive documentaries. Through these, he was able to communicate to the people to his perspective on de licate topics regarding the political and economic players of the country and was often hated by these people because of his â€Å"offensive† creations.Michael Moore’s works came into light with his take on the aftermath of September 11, ’01 bombings. This film documentary is entitled â€Å"Fahrenheit 9/11† which examines the possible â€Å"links† between George W. Bush and Osama bin Laden’s families. It is a documentary against the Bush administration which elicited various reactions from the President’s allies and friends. He aimed for the film documentary to be watched by a lot of people, not only the Americans but all over the world. This is to enlighten them, show them what could be a very upsetting truth about Bush and his call on terrorism.Fahrenheit was given recognition and was awarded the top honor at Cannes Film Festival, the Palme d’OR, setting a record to be the first ever film documentary to have won that prize. I t has been an award-winning work of Michael Moore, making it the highest-grossing documentary of all time, earning an almost 200 million dollars all over the world, 120 million of which, came from United States alone. It became a talk of the world, since it tackles on a different perspective of the September 11 terrorist attack, putting the President himself, George W. Bush, on the hot seat. This rather different look on terrorism greatly affected how people looked at the President, thus eliciting anger and negative reactions from his followers. They condemned the work of Moore, including his friends in the mainstream media.Moore and his â€Å"Farenheit 9/11†There had been a lot varied reactions with Moore’s award winning film documentary. A lot of these were the negative reactions from different news networks, all saying that Moore was telling the whole American viewers his preconceived lies about the President George W. Bush and the September 11 terrorists’ at tacks.   Moore allowed to be interviewed by ABC’s anchor George Stephanopoulos on the â€Å"This Week† show. He was able to address and recognize the major points of his critics.Taking the situation of the Saudi Nationals, including the alleged bin Laden family; they were allowed to leave the United States just after the September 11 attacks. During that time, all commercial flights were grounded. Moore is saying that it is the President’s doing to clear those flights, because of the fact that they have family business ties to the Saudis, thus leading to the clearing of the bin Laden family also. The former security adviser Richard Clarke, known to be a Bush critic said that he was the one responsible for clearing the flights, thus alleviating Bush of the doubts connected to him. Moore’s say on this was that Clarke made a wrong decision because he admitted making mistakes, but he already apologized to the families of the September 11 victims.Mainstream media’s take on Moore and his â€Å"Fahrenheit†Moore’s response to the interview could be considered as his evasion to the topic, but this wasn’t taken by News channels lightly. ABC, instead of putting it on the subsequent news stories, have made a direct action against it. The network launched direct actions, two-pronged attacks on the film and its accuracy, starting from their early morning News shows up to the station’s late night news.They hit on Moore and his work without allowing Moore the chance to respond to their grave claims that are greatly damaging. Segments started with the graphic question, â€Å"Fact or Fiction?† thus hinting that Moore is not a reliable source, feeding the viewers with his lies, damaging his reputation to the people. They just relied on Clarke’s statements, yet didn’t make the effort to ask the side of Moore for his answers.â€Å"Good Morning America† publicist Bridgette Maney said that A BC News gave Moore his fair share of a chance to respond, to defend him of these accusations. Cathie Levine, ABC News spokesperson said that they didn’t lack any attempts to give Moore a chance, that they had ran a clip from the Stephanopoulos interview after the airing of Clarke’s statement. Yet, the clip they have shown didn’t have any response from Moore. They have wrongly positioned the man, showing the people that he’s a liar, yet his justifications was not shown to the public, an example of the negative publicity they are giving Moore.Another station that reacted with Moore’s â€Å"Fahrenheit† was NBC, giving out highly negative assessments of the film documentary.   These were shown on both their â€Å"Nightly News† and their cable channel, MSNBC. They tagged their coverage of Moore’s works as a â€Å"truth squad report,† again clearly implying that Moore’s works were just but a work of fiction, a product of his imagination, a documentary conceived from lies and radical imaginations. Lisa Myers, a senior correspondent of NBC, clearly showcased the hilarious, comical moment in Fahrenheit 9/11, as an important part of the â€Å"truth squad’s† expose.In this part, it shows when Moore asked some of the legislators to sign their children up as volunteers to fight in Iraq on the President’s campaign against terrorism. Lisa Myer’s pinpointed one incident, when Moore failed to put in and include the comments of a confused Republican congress member, Mark Kennedy. He replied that his nephew was called into service and that he’s already going to Afghanistan. Lisa Myers pointed that Moore didn’t like the legislator’s response that’s why he didn’t include it on the documentary. Moore rebutted that in the Stephanopoulos interview that when they interviewed Kennedy, he didn’t have any family members in Afghanistan. But just lik e ABC, NBC made no effort to include this rebuttal in their reports.Considering the responses from these mainstream news giants, they are all one-sided. It is possible that Moore could have fabricated the contents of his film documentary, but they lacked a lot regarding the explanation of Moore’s side. They have loaded leading phrases, like â€Å"fact or fiction,† and â€Å"truth squad,† which could be wrongly interpreted by the viewers, implying Moore’s lack of credibility.They have also omitted Moore’s answers to certain important question, making him look like a liar who can’t defend his statements, thus making him look bad to the people. Why would these networks do these, clearly showing that they are giving a bias in this case? Looking closely, NBC is owned and managed by General Electric, a company that plays a key role in National Defense because they are their prime contractors. On the other hand, ABC is owned by Disney, even though they have no evident connections to the government, they solely depend on the benefits they get from federal regulators, benefiting from the influence they have on the people, thus maintaining a good image to the people.Disney even manipulated its subsidiary, Miramax, on handling of Fahrenheit’s distribution, pulling pressure in order for the latter to pull their support in the dissemination of the film documentary on a larger scale. When you look at it closely, both NBC and ABC have a lot to gain in joining the attack on Moore’s work rather than staying still, being neutral.Independent/Alternative media on Moore and his â€Å"Fahrenheit†On another perspective, Moore’s â€Å"Fahrenheit 9/11† documentary film got overwhelmingly favorable reviews from the majority of independent media. Fahrenheit ignited a â€Å"fire† which led to various discussions on some alternative media that people access everyday. This includes blogs, journals, and web- based system for information dissemination.There has been a fairly large contribution from websites talking about important points on Moore’s film documentary. There were negative comments, yet they were seemingly justified by sites and posts that tackle favorable reactions on Fahrenheit. Thus, Fahrenheit made a difference, wherein not only the Americans derived a sense of the level of deception they have had, but also to those who wrongly accused Moore, forcing them to bear the humiliation it entailed.Conclusion/ImplicationsThe implication of Michael Moore’s work to alternative media was very positive. It elicited personal opinions from people reading it or those who have come across it. This was the main difference between the information dispersal between alternative and mainstream media. The audiences, the people reading or hearing or watching the news feed could interact, reacts, comments and discuss essential points. There is transparency, because they could ques tion the reliability, the credibility of the source of information.Whereas the mainstream media could clearly manipulate the information they are feeding the people. Take for example the omissions in Moore’s statements, his rebuttal to the negative points raised by his critics. They were deliberately manipulated, removed by the News stations in order to prove one aspect. It is to further question Moore’s credibility as a source of information, as the one who conceived the idea of the â€Å"Fahrenheit 9/11.†References:â€Å"Michael Moore Exposed†.   2005. February 8 2007. .Hitchens, Christopher. â€Å"Unfairenheit 9/11:The Lies of Michael Moore.†Ã‚   2004. February 8 2007. .North, Gary. † Mainstream Media Vs Upstream Media â€Å".   2005. February 8 2007. .

How to Write a Controversial Essay on Human Rights as a Form of Imperialism

How to Write a Controversial Essay on Human Rights as a Form of Imperialism A controversial essay on human rights as a form of imperialism is really a form of argumentative writing. The subject of this type of essay has to revolve around an issue which is controversial. This is where the writing assignment gets its name. That said, knowing the fundamentals to argumentative or persuasive style writings will help you to really explore the controversial essay. Composing Your Thesis Statement If you are trying to compose your thesis statement you have to first make sure that you have your topic set up. Before you can move into the thesis statement you need a topic. The reason for this is that the thesis statement should function as a stand-alone sentence to describe to your readers the purpose of your entire work. And your purpose is really answering a question or solving the problem. In the case of the argumentative style your goal is to argue that your particular side or viewpoint in something is correct compared to all other alternatives. But in order for that to be true you need to present both sides. You need to explain to the readers why the argument youre making exists in the first place and this begins with presenting both sides. You have to present the actual problem that you are arguing. And with that you have to present to the reader why you are making your argument in one simple sentence. If you are struggling to complete this task it might help you to sit down and conduct some brainstorming exercises that will better refine your problem and the problem statement and your answer. Throughout the course of your research you might have to alter this particular statement as you find that the existing research does not support your viewpoint or the existing research supports an opposite viewpoint. In any case your goal is to be flexible in your hypothesis or your thesis. If you find that research causes you to change what you have presented that is perfectly fine so long as you simply make the necessary changes as they are required. You want to use as few words as possible when you are working on your thesis. Remember that this should function as a stand-alone sentence, a topic sentence which gives your readers all the information they require in order to truly understand what you are presenting. Word economy can refer to using the fewest number of words to explain the hugest amount of ideas. And this is a concept that you want to employ when you work on this particular part of your task. In utilizing the steps you will be able to produce high-quality content. Once you have your thesis completed, it is time to move on to the remainder of the writing process. Start by completing the body of your work, then wrap it up with the conclusion and an edited introduction. With a first draft off your shoulders, take your time revising and editing until the piece is complete. We hope this guide will help you build your controversial essay on human rights as a form of imperialism. Don’t forget to also check our 20 specific topics for this matter as well as 10 facts to substantiate a paper of this kind.

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buy custom Nepotism essay Employing Mary Smith in the organization is a practice of nepotism since she does not have the required qualifications for the job but she is simply a family member of one of the organizations founders. The practice of nepotism in this organization will definitely inflict a bad morale to the other workers. Mary is seen to misuse her office by arriving late for work, favoring some workers to others and, above all, tempering with the organization documents. For organizations to achieve their goals effectively, they should employ competent workers who are qualified for their positions and able to maintain good ethics and cooperation with other workers. Summary of the Major Problems That Mary Smith Has Caused In Her Short Tenure with the Company Basically, Marys contributions to the organization have been minimal and have been overshadowed by the problems she has caused to the firm since her employment. To begin with, Mary Smith has been irresponsible with her obligations in the organization by arriving late for work and sometimes failing to turn up completely. As a result, she has been unable to coordinate activities in the organization adequately as required and, therefore, meet the core objectives of an administrative assistant. Moreover, she has made working in the organization more unethical by being unable to promote work cohesion. Her inability to develop and maintain specialized reports and records that are used to reflect departmental work processes has made it impossible for the organization to make effective decisions of expanding their operations. Additionally, other employees have been disappointed by her wrong behavior in the organization and this has resulted to their inconsistent performance in the overall ro utines of the firm owing to their lack of appreciation (Darwin, 2009). Mary Smith has also been disrespectable to her seniors in the organization. For instance, she is unable to perform any duties delegated to her by the supervisors because she is certain her position in the firm is secure in that she cannot be fired. Therefore, the activities of the organization and its performance with regard to its objectives have been affected negatively and some key employees have quit their jobs due the frustration she has caused them. Generally, the company has been crippled by her negative impact on its functions, such as the inability to provide good performance evaluation of other departments, making planning of activities difficult. A Job Description That Details the Necessary Tasks That Ms. Smith Should Perform In Her Role as Administrative Assistant As her current supervisor, I would expect Ms. Smith to perform a number of tasks in accordance to her position in the company. First of all, she should create and maintain confidential files of all departmental operations and performance (Washington, 1999). By keeping records systematically, it will be possible for the firms top management to establish a good report of the firms position and overall performance and hence devise the relative measures that should be taken to advance it. To be able to maintain reliable files, Mary will be supposed to relate well with al other employees in all departments to make it possible for her to easily identify their performance. Secondly, she should coordinate work flow in the company and follow up delegated tasks to ensure that deadlines are met. Whenever the managers are not available, Mary should always be in a position to undertake all the activities of ensuring other employees carry out their duties adequately. She should maintain good ethics within the firm by enhancing superior work cohesion whereby every employee feels appreciated. When projects are assigned to the workers, she is supposed to develop adequate procedures on how the operations are to be undertaken. This will ease the manner by which projects are monitored and evaluated and therefore promote the performance of the workforce. She should also ensure that specific activities are carried out by specialized employees (Washington, 1999). Thirdly, Mary Smith is obliged to prepare and control administrative budgets for the firms management. She should evaluate how activities are being undertaken within the organization and establish whether there are additional costs in production that need to be provided. Therefore, she should produce budgets giving an overview of how various activities are to be financed. This will help the companys management to be aware of what amount of money to keep as contingency budget to make sure that the company does not experience deficit budgeting whenever other activities such as training new workers have to be funded. Additionally, she will be supposed to prepare and present expense reports in case some staff members of the firm go out for trips to other companies to learn skills and techniques so that they may improve their firm. Finally, she has to represent the organization in conferences or meetings that may be organized by the government to enrich companies with new production requirements that improve public welfare. In this case, she should prepare reliable reports that help the firm to have a better insight on how its operations should be carried out so as to comply with the law. Furthermore, she should coordinate the manner in which the company carries out interviews to recruit new employees and on how training of new workers is done. She has to monitor the human resource personnel to ensure that they embrace accountability in all their operations (Washington, 1999). The Steps I Would Take To Resolve This Situation If I Were Her Supervisor and How I Would or Would Not Include the Founder in My Communication To solve the situation of Marys failure to work responsibly, I will take a number of actions to ensure she can cooperate and carry out her duties satisfactorily. The first step will be to approach and advise her about the nature of her role. In this case, I will guide her to realize whatever is expected by the company from her and the need to undertake her duties responsibly. The next step will be to ensure that the company provides a good working condition for her. Having informed about the expectations the firm has of her position, I will ensure that other employees recognize her as their genuine administrative assistant and give her the required respect and therefore provide a good working condition for her to execute her duties. After providing a good environment for her in the company, the next step will be to offer her support and guidance so that I may influence her to deliver her best. This will be done by ensuring that she sets out her own targets and thereby instruct her on how make sure she achieves those goals. The following step will be to motivate her by offering some incentives to her and other workers whenever company objectives are realized effectively. Finally, I will exercise maximum monitoring of her performance, ensure that she gets to work early as required by the firm and by check the progress of her operations. I will have to ensure that she relates well with employees and executes her duties effectively and that she is a role model to the rest of the workforce. If she follows my guidelines adequately, there will be no need to involve the founders of the company in correcting her work ethics. Otherwise, if she proves defiant and is unwilling to cooperate, then I will inform the executives and explain to them how her bad habits have cost the company so that they may decide on what to do with her. Description of the Negative and Positive Effects On a Workforce for Hiring an Unqualified Individual Who Is Related To a Founder of the Company There are several effects to a workforce which may be either positive or negative for hiring unqualified individuals who are related to a firms founders. In this case, the negative effects surpass the positive ones. However, some of the positive effects may be that the company becomes more of a family business; hence, the workforce is able to share information freely. Moreover, these acts of nepotism help to create work opportunities for family members and equip them with some skills and ensure much of the benefits of the firm go to their families. The relatives may also have some inherited capabilities that are helpful in developing the company even if they are not highly qualified (Cooke, 2012). On the other hand, nepotism has several negative effects to the workforce. To begin with, it leads to discrimination of other workers in the organization. For instance, these workers tend to lean towards some employees than others, hence leading to unethical practices in the firm. Additionally, nepotism may lead to the loss of very important workers in the company. This is because people who are relatives seem to be tolerated by the management even when they are not performing. This leads to a lack of cohesion within the company, and hence the hard working workers who feel unappreciated leave the firm. When relatives are working in the same organization, it may also lead to the publicizing of family disputes to other members within the workforce. In conclusion, nepotism has more negative effects to the workforce than the positive effects. Therefore, it should not be encouraged if a firm is really interested in fulfilling its objectives. In most cases, when people are hired in organizations led by their relatives, they undermine other workers, and hence operations cannot be carried out appropriately. If it is a must for these people be retained in any organization, they should then be made to follow all the guidelines and obey the other authorities. Buy custom Nepotism essay